In plain words
Infant botulism is an illness that affects babies under one year old. Bacterial spores, which are found in soil and dust, can enter the baby's gut and grow there. The bacteria release a toxin that interferes with nerve signals to the muscles. Early signs include constipation, a weak cry, poor feeding, floppiness, and a weak face. Honey is the best-known source of the spores, which is why guidance advises avoiding honey before one year. Infant botulism is rare, and the CDC reports on the order of 100 to 150 cases a year in the United States. Treatment is given in a hospital and is mostly supportive, and most babies recover over time. Call 911 if your baby has trouble breathing. Call the pediatrician the same day for constipation, a weak cry, or poor feeding.
The deeper version
Infant botulism results from colonization of the infant gut by Clostridium botulinum, usually types A or B, with in situ toxin production. It is an intestinal , distinct from foodborne botulism. Honey and environmental spore exposure are the main recognized sources. Clinical features reflect a descending flaccid paralysis: constipation, weak suck and cry, , ptosis, and respiratory compromise. Diagnosis rests on the clinical picture and on stool testing for toxin or organism. Treatment is largely supportive, and human botulism immune globulin is used in some cases. Controversy concerns how much low-level spore exposure outside honey contributes to cases.
Where it comes up
- Starting solids around six monthsFeeding Your Baby
- Grandparents and in-lawsSupport, Home, and Village
- When to call the pediatrician (and when to go in)Baby Basics
What mothers here say about infant botulism
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Sources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — Infant Botulism, clinical overview
- Arnon SS et al. — Honey and other environmental risk factors for infant botulism. Journal of Pediatrics, 2006