In plain words
Prostaglandins are hormone-like compounds made from fats in the body. They help start and drive labor by softening the cervix and making the uterus contract. After birth, prostaglandins help the uterus clamp down, and they are part of the cramping that many mothers feel in the first days. Prostaglandins are also used in some ways to start labor when a provider decides is needed. Your provider will explain if a prostaglandin is part of your care. Afterpains are common, especially with later births and breastfeeding, because the uterus is working to return to its usual size. Strong or worsening pain, or pain with fever or heavy bleeding, needs a call to your provider the same day.
The deeper version
Prostaglandins, particularly PGE2 and PGF2-alpha, mediate and myometrial contraction in labor and postpartum . Late in gestation, the becomes contractile through increased gap junctions, receptor density, and prostaglandin synthesis, as progesterone's quiescent effect is functionally withdrawn (Smith, New England Journal of Medicine, 2007). Synthetic prostaglandin formulations are used for cervical ripening in induction, with ACOG Practice Bulletin 107 (2009, reaffirmed) describing indications and cautions. Postpartum prostaglandin release contributes to and afterpain, which is more intense with parity and breastfeeding because of oxytocin release. The main controversy concerns the relative safety and efficacy of different prostaglandin routes in induction.
Where it comes up
- Afterpains: cramping while nursingPostpartum: Your Body
- Induction: why, how, and what to askGetting Ready for Birth
- Omega-3s and DHAPregnancy: Eating
- Signs labor is startingGetting Ready for Birth
- Pain options: from breathing to epiduralGetting Ready for Birth
What mothers here say about prostaglandin
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Sources
- Smith R — Parturition. New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists — Practice Bulletin 107: Induction of Labor (2009, reaffirmed)