In plain words
Preterm labor is labor that starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It involves regular contractions that are getting closer together and stronger, along with changes in the cervix. Many mothers feel some tightening before 37 weeks that turns out to be benign, so the pattern matters more than any one sensation. Signs can include a low, dull backache, pelvic pressure, cramping that comes in waves, a change in vaginal discharge, or fluid leaking. Preterm birth is one of the main causes of illness in newborns, so early assessment matters. Four or more contractions in an hour, or pressure and fluid changes before 37 weeks, are reasons to call a provider now. Labor that is confirmed is treated, and many babies born early do well with care.
The deeper version
Preterm labor is defined as regular uterine contractions with cervical change before 37 0/7 weeks of gestation. Clinical assessment separates it from and other causes of lower abdominal pain by pattern, cervical examination, testing in selected settings, and . About two-thirds of preterm births are spontaneous, which includes preterm labor and , with one-third indicated (Goldenberg and colleagues, 2008). ACOG Practice Bulletin 171 (2016) describes management, including , corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity, and for neuroprotection, each with defined indications. The main controversy concerns the value of tocolysis for delaying delivery beyond 48 hours, where trial evidence is inconsistent.
Where it comes up
- Short cervix and signs of preterm laborPregnancy: Your Body
- Braxton Hicks and practice contractionsPregnancy: Your Body
- Round ligament painPregnancy: Your Body
- When your water breaksGetting Ready for Birth
- Signs labor is startingGetting Ready for Birth
What mothers here say about preterm labor
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Sources
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists — Practice Bulletin 171: Management of Preterm Labor (2016)
- Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R — Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. The Lancet (2008)