In plain words
Fetal fibronectin is a protein that sits at the junction between the membranes and the uterine lining. Normally it is not found in vaginal fluid after mid-pregnancy. A test can check for it in a sample taken from the vagina. A positive result can mean the membranes are separating, which may mean birth is nearer. Some centers use it in certain cases where the cervix is borderline. It is not a stand-alone answer, and a negative result does not rule out . Other checks, such as and a physical exam, matter more. If you have regular contractions, bleeding, pelvic pressure, or fluid leaking before 37 weeks, call your provider now.
The deeper version
Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein; its presence in cervicovaginal secretions after 22 weeks and before 37 weeks is associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. The test is most useful in women with intact membranes and cervical length between 20 and 30 millimeters, where it can refine risk (ACOG Practice Bulletin 171, 2016). Its negative predictive value is high, but its is limited, and ACOG notes its limited standalone value. Semen, bleeding, digital examination, and recent intercourse can cause false results, and test timing affects accuracy. Several trials report that routine screening does not improve outcomes.
Where it comes up
- Short cervix and signs of preterm laborPregnancy: Your Body
- Braxton Hicks and practice contractionsPregnancy: Your Body
- Signs labor is startingGetting Ready for Birth
What mothers here say about fetal fibronectin
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Sources
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists — Practice Bulletin 171: Management of preterm labor, 2016