Glossary

Term · California: Leave, Money, and Paperwork

federal poverty level

Also: FPL, federal poverty guideline, poverty line

A yearly income measure set by the U.S. government. Pregnancy and infant programs such as Medi-Cal and WIC use a percentage of it to decide who qualifies.

In plain words

The federal poverty level is a yearly income guideline set by the U.S. government. It changes each year and depends on household size. Many programs use a percentage of it to decide who can get help. In California, some pregnancy coverage through and the goes up to a set percentage of the level. Food help such as also uses income limits tied to it. The number on a form can look confusing. Household size and income over a recent period may matter, and the rules can change. Navigators and county workers can explain how the numbers apply to a household.

The deeper version

The federal poverty guidelines are issued annually by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, based on a Census-derived threshold updated for inflation. and CHIP use percentages of the guideline as eligibility standards. Pregnancy is a mandatory Medicaid eligibility category with its own income standard, which states may raise through their state plan. California's pregnancy coverage thresholds are set in the state plan and vary by program. WIC eligibility uses 185 percent of the guideline by statute, with categorical eligibility in some states. Income measurement, household definitions, and the timing of income tests differ across programs.

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Sources

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services — Annual Poverty Guidelines for the 48 Contiguous States
  • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services — Medicaid and CHIP eligibility for pregnant individuals, state plan guidance

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