Glossary

Term · Loss and Complications

ectopic pregnancy

Also: tubal pregnancy, ectopic

A pregnancy that implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube. It cannot continue and is a medical emergency when it ruptures.

In plain words

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that implants outside the uterus. Most happen in a fallopian tube. The pregnancy cannot grow normally there, and it can rupture and cause serious bleeding. Early signs can be light bleeding and pelvic pain. Severe one-sided pain, , dizziness, or pain at the tip of the shoulder is an emergency. Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department now. Ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed with blood hormone tests and an ultrasound. Treatment can be a medicine that stops the growth of the pregnancy or surgery, chosen by the care team. Many people who have one go on to have future pregnancies. The experience can bring grief and shock, and support is available from providers and counselors.

The deeper version

Ectopic pregnancy is implantation outside the uterine cavity, with the tubal site accounting for the large majority. Risk factors include prior tubal disease, prior ectopic pregnancy, assisted reproduction, and smoking. Barnhart (New England Journal of Medicine, 2009) reviewed diagnosis by quantitative and and the classic triad of pain, bleeding, and adnexal mass. ACOG Practice Bulletin 193 (2018) on tubal ectopic pregnancy describes expectant, medical, and surgical management, with methotrexate used in selected stable patients and surgery for rupture or instability. Controversy centers on which patients are suitable for expectant or medical management and on the cost-effectiveness of single-dose versus multi-dose regimens.

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Sources

  • Barnhart KT — Ectopic pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine, 2016
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists — Practice Bulletin 193: Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy, 2018

The Mothership Topic Wiki is general information for mothers and the people who care for them. It is not medical, legal, or mental-health advice and does not create a provider relationship. Experiences posted by members are their own. In an emergency call 911. If you are having thoughts of harming yourself, call or text 988.